It starts as a faint itch that’s easy to ignore. After a swim, you shake your head, thinking it’s just water trapped in your ear. But by the next day, it’s more than an itch. It hurts to chew, your ear is red and swollen, and the pain is impossible to ignore.
You may be dealing with something many Canadians experience during the summer months: swimmer’s ear.
Swimmer’s ear is more than just an uncomfortable inconvenience. It’s an infection that, if left untreated, can cause significant pain and even lead to hearing loss.
At RxHealthMed, we want to help you recognize the signs early, understand how to treat the condition, and, most importantly, prevent it in the future. Let’s take a closer look at what causes swimmer’s ear, how it develops, and what you can do about it.
What Is Swimmer’s Ear?
Before you can treat or prevent swimmer’s ear, it helps to understand exactly what it is.
This common condition affects the outer ear canal and is often mistaken for other types of ear infections. Knowing what sets it apart can help you take the right steps at the first sign of trouble.
Swimmer’s ear, medically known as ‘otitis externa’, is an infection that affects the external auditory canal. This is the passageway that connects the outside of your ear to your eardrum. It’s a sensitive area that can easily become irritated or infected, particularly when moisture lingers inside.
This condition was dubbed “swimmer’s ear” because it frequently affects people who spend a lot of time in the water. In an article on AboutKidsHealth by SickKids, they state it mainly affects children over the age of two and typically appears in the summer due to the increased time spent in water.
However, you don’t have to be a swimmer to develop it. Moisture from long showers, humidity, or even the use of earplugs and hearing aids can all increase your risk.
What Leads to an Ear Infection?
Understanding what causes swimmer’s ear gives you the power to protect yourself and your kids.
Several factors can lead to an outer ear infection, especially those that involve moisture, bacteria, and skin damage. When these elements combine, they create the perfect environment for infection.
Let’s explore how each of these factors can support the development of ear infections.
- Moisture: Water that becomes trapped in the ear canal can soften the skin lining, making it more prone to damage. This creates a moist, warm environment that encourages bacteria and fungi to grow.
- Common Microbial Culprits: Several microorganisms can cause swimmer’s ear, such as Pseudomonas, Staph, Candida, or Aspergillus. These bacteria live in the environment and on our skin and can invade when the ear’s natural defences are weakened.
- Skin Damage and Irritants: Scratches or irritation in the ear canal make it easier for germs to enter. Common culprits include cotton swabs, bobby pins, hearing aids, and even earbuds. Hair products and frequent ear cleaning can also strip away protective oils, making the skin inside the ear more vulnerable.
Risk Factors for Swimmer’s Ear
The unfortunate reality is that some people are simply more prone to swimmer’s ear than others.
Whether it’s due to lifestyle, existing health conditions, or environmental exposure, understanding your risk factors can help you stay one step ahead. Knowing what puts you at risk means you can take better preventive action.
Let’s explore some of the factors that may put you more at risk of developing swimmer’s ear.
Frequent Water Exposure
Spending a lot of time in the water is one of the most common risk factors.
Swimming, diving, and even frequent bathing can all allow water to become trapped in the ear canal.
People living in humid environments or who regularly use steam rooms or hot tubs are also at greater risk.
Physical Irritation Factors
Using items like Q‑tips or earbuds can damage the skin inside the ear. These actions may feel like cleaning, but they often do more harm than good by irritating or scratching the ear canal.
Devices like hearing aids, especially if worn for long periods, can also increase the risk by trapping moisture and introducing bacteria.
Pre‑Existing Conditions
Skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, or seborrheic dermatitis can compromise the integrity of the ear canal.
People with immune system issues, including diabetes or those on immunosuppressive treatments, are also more vulnerable to infections.
For these individuals, swimmer’s ear can become more serious and require prompt medical attention.
Recognizing Swimmer’s Ear Symptoms Through Progression
Swimmer’s ear usually develops gradually, but the symptoms can become severe if ignored.
Knowing how it progresses helps you act early before the infection becomes more difficult to treat. Early intervention leads to quicker relief and fewer complications.
Here are some of the most common signs of swimmer’s ear as it progresses:
Early Symptoms
- Itching inside the ear canal
- Mild discomfort, particularly when tugging on the outer ear
- Redness around the ear opening
- A small amount of clear fluid drainage
Moderate Symptoms
- Increased pain, especially when touching the ear
- Swelling of the ear canal
- Muffled hearing due to blockage
- Discharge that may become yellowish or cloudy
Advanced Warning Signs
- Severe pain that radiates to the neck, face, or side of the head
- Swollen lymph nodes around the ear or jaw
- Fever
- Complete ear blockage or difficulty hearing
Prompt treatment can prevent these symptoms from worsening or spreading.
How to Tell It’s Not Another Ear Problem
Ear pain can have many causes, and not all of them are swimmer’s ear.
Being able to distinguish between different ear conditions is key to getting the right treatment. Here’s how to recognize the difference so you can act appropriately.
Otitis Externa vs. Otitis Media
Otitis externa affects the outer ear canal (an outer ear infection), while otitis media is an infection of the middle ear (a middle ear infection), typically occurring behind the eardrum.
Otitis media is more common in children and often accompanies cold or respiratory symptoms. It may present with fever, pain, and trouble sleeping, while swimmer’s ear is marked by pain when touching the outer ear and swelling of the canal.
Distinguishing From Surfer’s Ear
Surfer’s ear refers to abnormal bone growth in the ear canal from repeated cold water exposure.
Unlike swimmer’s ear, it’s not an infection but can lead to water becoming trapped in the ear, resulting in secondary infections.
Treatment differs significantly, so proper diagnosis is essential.
Swimmer’s Ear Diagnosis: From Pharmacist to Physician
If you’re experiencing symptoms of swimmer’s ear, a pharmacist is often your first point of contact.
Pharmacists at RxHealthMed pharmacies can assess your symptoms and provide advice and guidance on home care. Depending on severity and the province you live in, they may also be able to treat your swimmer’s ear by prescribing eardrops.
This collaborative approach helps ensure timely care and effective treatment.
Pharmacist Screening
Your pharmacist will start by asking a few key questions about your symptoms, such as:
- Are you experiencing pain when touching your ear?
- Has there been recent water exposure or fluid drainage?
Based on your answers, they can then recommend over-the-counter solutions, write a prescription, or refer you to a physician for further evaluation.
Clinical Tests
Doctors may use an otoscope to visually inspect the ear canal and eardrum. This helps identify signs of swelling, redness, and discharge.
In more persistent or complex cases, a swab of the fluid may be taken to determine whether the infection is bacterial or fungal, helping to choose the right medication.
Effective Swimmer’s Ear Treatment Options
Once swimmer’s ear has been diagnosed, the focus shifts to relief, healing, and preventing the infection from coming back.
Treatment typically involves a combination of professional care and at-home management. Choosing the right treatment depends on the severity and cause of the infection.
1. Ear Canal Cleaning
If your ear canal is blocked with pus, skin debris, or discharge, it’s important to clear it out to allow medications to reach the infected area.
A healthcare professional may gently clean your ear using suction or a soft probe. This process is safe and usually painless, but should only be done by a trained provider.
In cases where the canal is too swollen to allow medication in, a small wick may be inserted. This wick absorbs and slowly releases drops deeper into the canal for better effectiveness.
Why professional cleaning helps:
- Clears out buildup that may trap bacteria or fungus
- Allows medications to reach the infected area
- Reduces pressure and pain caused by swelling
2. Topical Medications
Prescription ear drops are the primary treatment for swimmer’s ear. They are effective because they deliver the medication directly where it’s needed.
Depending on the type of infection, you may be prescribed:
- Antibiotic drops like ciprofloxacin or polymyxin B-gramicidin
- Acetic acid blends, which help restore the natural acidity of the ear
- Antifungal drops for yeast-based infections (e.g., flumethasone–clioquinol)
- Steroid-combination drops to reduce swelling and itching
Tips for using ear drops:
- Tilt your head
- For adults, gently pull the earlobe up and back. For children, gently pull down and back
- Keep your head tilted for at least 3–5 minutes after applying
- Do not plug the ear with cotton unless instructed
- Always finish the full course of treatment, even if symptoms improve
3. Pain and Inflammation Relief
Managing discomfort is a key part of recovery. Most people benefit from over-the-counter pain relievers, especially in the first few days.
Recommended options include:
- Ibuprofen: reduces pain and inflammation
- Naproxen: longer-acting anti-inflammatory relief
- Acetaminophen: ideal for pain relief, though no effect on inflammation
These medications can be taken safely when used as directed. Speak to your pharmacist if you’re unsure which one is right for you, or if you’re looking for the affordable Option+ products that best suit your needs.
When Oral Medication Is Needed
In most cases, topical treatment is enough. However, oral antibiotics may be prescribed in more serious situations, such as:
- Severe infections that spread beyond the ear canal
- Infections in immunocompromised individuals
- When there is cellulitis or signs of spreading inflammation
If you’re prescribed oral antibiotics, take the full course even if symptoms improve before you’re finished.
Swimmer’s Ear Home Remedies and Pharmacy‑Approved Aids
Mild swimmer’s ear or early symptoms can often be managed at home with the help of pharmacy-recommended solutions, such as Polysporin Ear Drops. These remedies can also be used preventively, especially during the summer months.
Drying Strategies
Removing moisture promptly is one of the most effective ways to avoid an infection. If you feel water in your ears after swimming or showering, try:
- Tilting your head toward the affected side and gently shaking
- Using a clean, dry towel to pat around the outer ear
- Holding a hairdryer on low heat several inches away to dry the canal
Be cautious when using heat, and avoid placing anything inside the ear.
Preventive Drops
After water exposure, you can use drops to help dry the ear canal and restore its natural protective environment. Pharmacy-grade options are available, but simple at-home solutions may also work.
Common formulations:
- 1:1 mixture of white vinegar and 70% isopropyl rubbing alcohol (the Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario warns this should only be done if you are certain your child does not have a punctured eardrum)
- Acetic acid-based ear drops available at your local RxHealthMed
- Commercial swimmer’s ear prevention kits
These drops are generally safe for people without a perforated eardrum or tubes. Check with your pharmacist if you’re unsure.
Protective Habits
Some everyday changes can help you prevent moisture buildup and irritation:
- Avoid using Q-tips or inserting anything into your ear canal
- Wear cotton balls lightly coated with petroleum jelly during showers if prone to infections
- Remove earbuds or hearing aids regularly to allow ears to breathe
- Let your ears air dry fully before re-inserting any devices
How to Prevent Swimmer’s Ear
Taking a few simple precautions can help you avoid the discomfort of swimmer’s ear altogether. Prevention is especially important for people who swim frequently or live in humid climates.
Post-Water Drying Routines
One of the most effective ways to prevent swimmer’s ear is to ensure your ears stay dry after swimming or bathing.
A quick tilt of the head and a gentle pat with a towel are often all it takes. There’s no need for aggressive drying—just be consistent, especially after prolonged water exposure.
Using Ear Protection
Barriers can prevent water from entering the ear canal in the first place. Consider:
- Well-fitting silicone earplugs designed for swimmers
- Swim caps that fully cover your ears
- Avoiding swimming in untreated water where bacteria levels may be high
- Avoiding trauma
Even minor scratches can lead to infection. Protect your ears by:
- Skipping Q‑tips and instead wiping only the outer ear
- Avoiding sharp objects or rough cleaning methods
- Letting ears rest between uses of earbuds or hearing aids
Pharmacy Prevention Kits
At RxHealthMed, we offer specially designed ear-drying drops, acidic rinse kits, and consultation services to help you find the best solution for your needs.
Ask our pharmacists which product is right for your lifestyle.
Swimmer’s Ear Red Flags: When to Seek Medical Help
Most cases of swimmer’s ear clear up with prompt treatment and home care. However, there are times when it’s essential to seek help from a doctor or pharmacist right away. Recognizing red flags can prevent complications and ensure your ear health doesn’t worsen.
Signs That Require Medical Attention
You should reach out to a healthcare provider if:
- Your symptoms do not improve after 2–3 days of treatment
- Pain becomes severe or radiates to your neck or jaw
- You develop a fever
- You notice swelling around your face or lymph nodes
- There is persistent or worsening discharge from the ear
- Hearing loss becomes more pronounced
These signs may indicate the infection is spreading or becoming more serious than typical swimmer’s ear.
Chronic or Malignant Swimmer’s Ear
Some people are at risk for a rare but serious condition called malignant otitis externa, which can spread to surrounding tissue and even bone. This requires urgent medical care.
High-risk groups include:
- People with diabetes
- Immunocompromised individuals, such as those undergoing chemotherapy
- Seniors with chronic or untreated ear infections
If you or someone you care for falls into one of these categories, do not delay in contacting a healthcare professional.
How RxHealthMed Pharmacists Support You
At RxHealthMed, your health is our priority, and that includes your ear health. We’re more than just a place to pick up prescriptions.
Our team of trusted local pharmacists is here to provide guidance, treatment options, and personalized support when swimmer’s ear strikes.
How We Help
When you visit your local RxHealthMed pharmacy, we can offer:
- In-store screening to assess your symptoms and determine next steps
- Triage and referral support if you need to see a doctor or specialist
- Professional product recommendations for swimmer’s ear drops and preventive aids
- Advice on home care, including drying techniques and ear hygiene
- Follow-up support to ensure your symptoms resolve properly
We’re also happy to help you find prevention kits, including alcohol-acid drops, drying solutions, and earplugs, so you can stay ahead of future infections.
At RxHealthMed, we believe prevention, early care, and ongoing support make all the difference.
Find Relief For Swimmer’s Ear at Your Local RxHealthMed
Swimmer’s ear is a common yet preventable condition that can affect anyone, whether you’re an avid swimmer or not.
By understanding the causes, being aware of the symptoms, and following the right treatment and prevention strategies, you can stay one step ahead of ear infections this season.
Our goal at RxHealthMed is to help you feel confident and supported in managing your ear health. Whether you need relief from pain or want to protect your ears before a swim, we’re here to offer personalized guidance and effective products tailored to your needs.
Looking to treat or prevent swimmer’s ear? Talk to your local RxHealthMed pharmacist today and get personalized care and trusted ear‑care solutions you can depend on.
